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Tea of Life
By Dave Scharfenberger
Board Certified Master Arborist WI-0131B

We are always looking for new ways to help improve tree health. New research has identified many of the types and numbers of beneficial bacteria and fungi that are required for a healthy root system. Gardeners know that compost is a secret to improving sterile urban soil and growing healthy plants by providing these beneficial microorganisms. A new method called compost tea, takes the benefits of compost, multiplies it and puts it into a liquid form for easy delivery to the roots where it is needed.

Compost tea contains a huge diversity of actively growing and reproducing beneficial microorganisms that can greatly improve plant and soil health. Tea also aids the natural biological process in soil to make nutrients and water available to the root systems of your plants, which helps to maintain healthy, strong, thriving plants.

The process is not very different from making tea! We use specially formulated compost that is put into a large mesh bag. This is immersed in water with special “microbe food”. Air is then pumped through the compost at a rate of 55 gallons per minute. The compost is left to “brew” with this air process for one to two days.

The process starts by having the air, strip beneficial bacteria and fungus off the compost. Then once it is in the water, the microbes use the food and air in the water to reproduce and multiply. At the end of the “brewing” period, the amount of beneficial bacteria and fungi has increased exponentially.

After the “brewing” process is done, we maintain the oxygen level in the water to keep all of the microbes alive. We then inject this living mix into the soil around a tree. This can help to reestablish the proper soil life that is critical to having a healthy tree. We are injecting “life” back into the soil!

You may see us begin to include compost teas in our recommendations. If you have questions on this new treatment be sure to contact one of our Certified Arborists to find out how our tea can help your trees!

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Hiring the right pruning professional is critical for the health of your trees and safety of your home, according to industry experts and highly rated Angie’s List tree service companies.  Both the Tree Care Industry Association and the International Society of Arboriculture educate and oversee tree care experts, albeit in different capacities.

ISA certification recognizes individuals who have years of experience, passed a comprehensive exam, and continue their education every three years. “Certification is an assurance for the homeowner that the person they hired knows what’s best for their trees,” says ISA spokeswoman Sonia Garth, The group also offers professional memberships (not to be confused with certification) for an annual fee to keep affiliates informed of industry news.

TCIA accreditation is awarded to companies that adhere to a checklist of items that include ethical business practices, consumer satisfaction and maintaining an ISA-certified arborist on staff.  “TCIA requires companies to meet industry standards for performance of tree care and safety.” says spokeswoman Amy Tetreault. “it’s a national program that has routine on-site inspections and a complaint response system.”

ISA-certified arborists and TCIA accredited companies must also follow a code of ethics. Tree topping violates national pruning standards, therefore even advertising topping services could be considered an unethical practice, according to Garth. “If a customer files a complaint, there’s an arbitration process and if it’s a true violation of ethics, that professional’s certification could be revoked,” she says.

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Snow is not the only thing on the ground this winter. Along with the winter snow, road salt is also spread around this time of year. Trees located near streets, driveways, parking lots, and sidewalks are exposed to these deicing salts and can be damaged from excess sodium in the soil. A specific test provided by Wachtel Tree Science for soil sodium can indicate levels that are harmful for trees and shrubs. If you are concerned that road salt might be damaging your trees please give your certified arborist a call today at 262-538-1900
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Prune in Winter, Reduce the Spread of Oak Wilt

Winter is a food time for tree pruning, according to state forestry specialists, who say winter pruning greatly reduces the likelihood of spreading oak wilt and other tree diseases, and it also minimizes pruning stress on trees.

“The best time to prune trees in Wisconsin is during winter when a tree is dormant,” according to Don Kissinger, an urban forester with the Department of Natural Resources. “Insects and diseases that could attack an open wound on a pruned tree aren’t active in winter. And without leaves, broken, cracked or hanging limbs and branch structure are easy to see and prune.”

Timing is especially critical for pruning oak trees in order to limit the spread of oak wilt, a devastating fungal disease of oaks that has been present in the state for probably a century or longer. Oak wilt fungus spreads from tree to tree by “hitchhiking” on sap-feeding beetles that are attracted to freshly pruned or injured trees and root grafts between neighboring trees.

“Oak wilt causes the water-and nutrient conducting channels in the tree to plug up and fail,” explains Kyoko Scanlon, DNR forest health specialists. “Once a tree is infected, water and stored nutrients can’t move upward from the root system, and that causes the tree’s leaves to wilt and fall.  The tree dies shortly afterward in some species of oak.

“Red oaks, which include red, pin, and black oak, are particularly vulnerable to oak wilt. Once wilting symptoms appear, trees in the red oak group die very quickly, often within a month.”

Oak wilt is found mainly in the southern two-thirds of Wisconsin. It has also been found in Barron, Burnett, Florence, Langlade, Marinette, and Polk Counties.

Both Kissinger and Scanlon said prevention is the best defense against this disease.  The only other treatment options are costly fungicide applications or trenching between healthy and infested trees in order to sever connected roots.

DNR foresters recommend people stop pruning, wounding, or cutting oak trees in urban setting from April through July. A more cautious approach limits pruning in urban areas until October 1.

“The most critical time for oak wilt infection being spread by insects is the spring and early summer,” Scanlon said. “On some years, spring comes much earlier than we expect.  If daytime temperatures begin to reach the 50-degree Fahrenheit mark, stop pruning oaks at that time, even if it’s still the middle of March.”

Co,,unities where oak wilt disease is a problem include Adams, Baraboo, Black River Falls, Durand, Eau Claire, Fort McCoy, Green Bay, La Crosse, Madison, Menomonee, Mosinee, Onalasks, Richland Center, Shawano, Stevens Point, and Waupaca.

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The dormant season during the winter months is a great time to prune your trees. With no leaves on deciduous trees to obstruct the view, our arborists are better able to check for problems.  Crews can also remove low hanging or intrusive branches without damaging annual/perennial planting beds.

More importantly, dormant pruning is preventive health care for your trees.  It can improve tree structure and helps to protect you and your property from safety concerns.  The dormant season (late Fall and Winter) is also the only time Oaks and Elms can be pruned due to the possibility of transmission of Oak Wilt and Dutch Elm disease in the other seasons.

Our Certified Arborists are experts in pruning for tree health and beauty.  Call our office at 262-538-1900 (or reply to this email) to schedule pruning for the coming months.

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Congratulations to Anne Aufderheide of Wauwatosa, she is the eleventh winner of our year long monthly contest winners as part of our 75th Anniversary celebration.  Anne has been a client for over seven years, and we have performed services ranging from fertilizing to tree pruning, and removal as well as protective plant treatments.  Jeff Hagfors, our Certified Arborist for Wauwatosa, was able to respond quickly in November when a strong storm damaged one of her trees. Anne’s neighbor, another client, called the damage in since Ann was out of town at the time.  Our crews completed the work in quick fashion, and we look forward to providing care for Anne’s trees in the future.
Anne will be receiving a $75 gift certificate of her choice as this month’s winner. As a reminder, we enter your name in our monthly drawing each time we perform a service at your home during the month.

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Congratulations to Georgia Foley of Brookfield, she is the tenth winner of our year long monthly contest winners as part of our 75th Anniversary celebration. Georgia has been a client for over ten years and we have performed services ranging from tree planting and pruning to protective plant treatments of various types over the years.  This past month we planted “State Street” Miyabei Maple selected by Certified Arborist Bill Reichenbach and grown by Johnson’s Nursery.

Georgia will be receiving a $75 gift certificate of their choice as this month’s winner. As a reminder; we enter your name in our monthly drawing each time we perform a service at your home during the month.

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Congratulations to Connie and Peter Harris of Elm grove. They are the ninth of our year long monthly contest winners in our 75th Anniversary celebration.  Our Plant Health Care applicators were at the Harris property in September to protect a key Linden tree, that provides shade for their patio, against the damaging Linden Borer. We have been helping Mr. and Mrs. Harris care for their property for two years and look forward to our next visit to check the progress of our programs.
 
They will be receiving a $75 gift certificate of their choice as this month’s winner. As a reminder; we enter your name in our monthly drawing each time we perform a service at your home during the month.

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Do your trees go bump in the night? Branches rubbing on the house or roof are an indication that a tree needs pruning. If left unpruned, this situation can cause damage not only to your house, but to your tree as well. Pruning for house clearance typically removes branches that are within 5 to 10 feet of the house or roof. This distance provides clearance for several years or more. This time frame can vary with the tree species, vigor, and distance of the tree from the house.

The presence of deadwood in a tree is the other most common pruning need people notice. Deadwood is and should be one of the first things pruned out to improve tree health, safety, appearance, structure, and to prolong life. Removal of deadwood is usually noted by diameter size, for example, 1/2″, 1″, 2″ diameter branches and larger. House clearance and deadwood pruning are good steps in your tree maintenance. Other pruning may also be appropriate.

Winter is a great time to do this pruning. We can easily tell the difference between living and dead branches by buds, and we have a clear view of the structure for the clearance pruning.

Your Certified Arborist at Wachtel Tree Science can best evaluate your trees’ pruning needs and work with you to maintain your trees and property.

by Jean Ferdinandsen, Certified Arborist WI-0149A

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We are having a beautiful stretch of weather in southeastern Wisconsin. The warm days and cool nights are great for the outdoor activities and projects we were denied most of the summer due to rain and mosquitoes! The crews at Wachtel Tree Science are happy to be out working in such great weather. I do not know about you but I feel like I have earned some nice weather to enjoy my yard.

The problem is, are your trees enjoying your yard? We have now gone weeks without rain and the soil is hard and dry. The fine roots of trees need moisture. This water is not only sent up to the top of the plant for all of the life processes that are carried on in the trunk and crown but is also needed for roots to thrive and grow. A mature tree can use a ton of water a day! Do your trees have that much water? Fall is one of the most important times of the year for root growth. If we have good roots, we will have a healthy tree.

One other critical factor in tree health is soil life. What is soil; it is not just a bunch of dirt particles? No, healthy soil is a complex community of living organisms along with the soil. A teaspoon of soil can have thousands of beneficial bacteria, fungi (called mycorrhizae), protozoa and other creatures. When the soil is dry, the systems that support these beneficial organisms shut down. Not having these beneficial organisms active can lead to tree problems and diseases. We are currently seeing an increase in root rot problems due to these stresses.

The best way to water trees is with a sprinkler to wet down a large soil area. Roots can extend out four to five times the height of the tree away. While it is not practical to water such a large area, getting the entire area under the crown and a little more will have you hitting a large percentage of the root zone. In the spring and summer you do not want to water the leaves or needles, because you can encourage diseases (this is not as critical in the fall). You can set a hose at the base of the tree but this tends to be very spotty. You would be better off setting a sprinkler low (to avoid hitting foliage) and moving it around to cover the needed area.

The rule of thumb is an inch of water every ten days from either you or Mother Nature. Your watering will not totally replace the rain we are not getting but it will help the plant get by. Then when it does rain, the soil will not be so dry that the rain just runs off. So while you are out enjoying the nice weather consider watering your trees and shrubs to help keep them out of stress. The benefits your trees give you make it well worth the investment of a little bit of time and water.

By:

Dave Scharfenberger

Board Certified Master Arborist, WI-0131B

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